Class 10 chapters 3 metals and nonmetals quick revision notes about 118 elements are known today. Such metals may remain in elemental or native free state in nature. Apr 29, 2016 non ferrous extraction of metals lecture notes 1. The process of extracting metal ores buried deep underground is called mining.
Class 8 chapter 04 metals and non metals study notes. Notes chemistry 1 occurrence and extraction of metals module 6 chemistry of elements 16 occurrence and extraction of metals metals and their alloys are extensively used in our daytoday life. Metals on being hammered can be beaten into thinner sheets. Metals can be categorized into three parts on the basis of their reactivity. Topic 12 extraction and uses of metals igcse chemistry. There are more than 90 metals, 22 non metals and a few metalloids. Metallurgy is the field of science which deals with the extraction of metals. Every mineral is not suitable for the extraction of the metal. Page 1 the university of edinburgh division of engineering session 20012002 materials science and engineering corrosion of metals electrochemical theory of wet corrosion. Chemistry of the metals in the previous topic you learnt about the elements of the periodic table.
Chemistry notes for class 12 chapter 6 general principles. Extraction of metals methods of extraction of metals. From a technical point of view, metals can be distributed into two groups. Therefore, production of a variety of metals in large quantities is necessary for. The metals that produce ringing sounds, are said to bea. Metals and non metals notes for class 8 class viii chapter 4 materials. The ores are very different from the finished metals that we see in buildings and bridges. Non oxide ores can be converted into oxide form by roasting or calcination. Solvent extraction is one of the most extensively studied and most widely used techniques for the separation and preconcentration of elements 6769.
Extraction of metals cie igcse chemistry revision notes. Download cbse revision notes for cbse class 10 science metals and nonmetals in pdf format. Metals are all electropositive and need to be reduced to become metallic elements. These are usually formed in the company of rock or alluvial impurities like clay, sand etc. Notes, exercises, videos, tests and things to remember on extraction of metals. These revision notes on the methods of extracting metals and relating the extraction method to the chemical reactivity of the metal should prove useful for the new. The heavy metals that plants extract are toxic to the plants as well, and the plants used. Physical properties of metals, alloys and its structure, reactivity series of metals, reaction of metals with water, air and dilute hcl, reduction of metal oxides by carbon, displacement reaction, metal hydroxides and nitrates, aluminium, ore and extraction of fe from haemetite blast furnace, steel making process, types of steel and its uses, uses of al, zn and cu. Chemistry notes for class 12 chapter 6 general principles and processes of isolation of elements earth crust is the source of many elements. In nature, metals generally occur either in free form or in combined form. So non oxide ores are converted into oxide form before reduction.
These cbse revision notes are arranged subjectwise and topicwise. The mineral from which the metal is economically and conveniently extracted is called an ore. Igcse extraction of metals from ores notes igcse and ial. The solvent extraction of metal chelates 1st edition. In this topic you will concentrate on the chemistry of the metals, and some of the chemical patterns that they show. This document is highly rated by class 10 students and has been viewed 5288 times.
A very simple model in which the metallic crystal is viewed as a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a gas of free electrons provides a crude understanding of the first and third properties. Usually iron and aluminum exist as compounds, with oxygen, also known as oxides. Solvent extraction applied to the recovery of heavy metals. Raw materials for nonferrous metals production mineral dressing lecture 1. The percentage of different elements in earth crust are. Element use property copper electrical wiring ability to conduct heat and ductile nature water pipes fittings high level of. Read all the important points and chapterwise notes on ntse. Class 10 chapters 3 metals and nonmetals quick revision notes. When a mixture of iron and copper oxide is heated, the iron bonds with the oxygen and forces out the copper. An ore is a mineral deposit that can be mined and refined at profit.
They are used for making machines, railways, motor vehicles, bridges, buildings, agricultural tools, aircrafts, ships etc. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace reduction haematite o. Usually, less reactive metals such as gold and silver are found in their pure form in the soil. Metals and ores most metals are found combined with other elements, as compounds in ores. Chapter 6 copper production technology the last boomin technological innovation for the copper industry occurred in the first two decades of this century, whenopen pit mining, flo tation concentration,and the reverberatory. Metals in the middle of the activity series like zn, fe, pb, are found as oxide, sulphide or carbonate ores. Castroa a mechanical engineering department, university of minho, 4800058 guimar. More react metals will also replace less reactive metals in bonds with oxygen. The dl theory predicted much larger specific heats than are.
Occurrence and extraction of metals module 6 notes chemistry of elements metals and their alloys are extensively used in our daytoday life. It is easier to obtain metals from their oxides than from their sulphides or carbonates. Pdf biomininga useful approach toward metal extraction. The solvent extraction of metal chelates is a comprehensive account of the solvent extraction liquidliquid extraction of metal chelate complexes. Detailed revision notes on the topic extraction of metals. Some metals like sodium, potassium and magnesium are easy to cut.
Topics covered include the composition and stability of metal chelates. Metals vary in their reactions with certain substances. Extraction of metals methods of extraction of metals from ores. The extraction of metals from ores is what allows us to use the minerals in the ground. Metals notes preliminary chemistry notes topic 2 metals. Journal of hazardous materials b120 2005 1118 solvent extraction applied to the recovery of heavy metals from galvanic sludge j. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Liquid bromine, gases oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen etc. Pyrometallurgy deals with the methods of extraction of metals from their ores and their refining and is based on physical and chemical changes occurring at high.
Metals are malleable and ductile in nature whereas non metals are neither malleable nor ductile. This revision guide is perfect for those who want to get up to scratch on metal extraction. Introduction to the extraction of metals method related to the. Gold and silver metals are the most malleable metals. What is the product when sulphur reacts with oxygen. Generally, low reactive metals shows little affinity towards air, moisture, carbon dioxide or other nonmetals present in nature. Give three examples of reactions between metals and water, to show that different metals have different relativities. The metal ores are found in the earths crust in varying abundance. A mixture of crushed iron ore, coke an almost pure form of carbon and limestone is fed into the top of the blast furnace. Some are very reactive whereas others are extremely unreactive to the same substance. Pdf chemistry notes for class 12 chapter 6 general principles. Notes 2 chemistry module 6 occurrence and extraction of metals chemistry of elements zlist and explain various methods for concentration of ores gravity separation, magnetic separation, froth floatation and chemical method. But this is not the case with more reactive iron or aluminum.
The heavy metals that plants extract are toxic to the plants as well, and the plants used for phytoextraction are known hyperaccumulators. Li, na, k, ca, ba react rapidly at room temperature. Most important ores are oxide, sulfide and carbonates metal ores aluminium bauxiteal 2 o 3 iron hematite fe 2 o 3, magnetitefe 3 o 4 mercury cinnabar hgs zinc zinc blende zns smithsonite znco 3 copper malachite cu 2 co 3 oh 2 copper pyrites cufes 2. Cbse revision notes for cbse class 10 science metals and. The most common ore of iron is called haematite ironiii oxide. Aluminium is the most abundant metal of earth crust and iron comes second. Generally, low reactive metals shows little affinity towards air, moisture, carbon dioxide or other non metals present in nature. With the study guides and notes written by fellow students, you are guaranteed to be properly prepared for your exams. In some places, the mineral deposits in rock contain a high concentration of one metal. All metals except silver, platinum and gold react with oxygen to form oxides. Some elements show properties of both metals and non metals. Metals of high reactivity k, na, ca, mg andal are very reactive and thus found in combined state. Including the blast furnace, aluminium extraction, iron extraction, iron rusting etc.
Written by teachers for the cie igcse chemistry course. Most important ores are oxide, sulfide and carbonates metal ores aluminium bauxiteal 2 o 3 iron hematite fe 2 o 3, magnetitefe 3 o 4 mercury cinnabar hgs zinc zinc blende zns smithsonite znco 3 copper malachite cu 2 co 3 oh 2 copper pyrites cufes 2 hematite. Metals are often extracted from the earth by means of mining, resulting in ores that are relatively rich sources of the requisite elements. Cbse revision notes for cbse class 10 science metals and non. The atoms of the same size are regularly arranged in layers which can slide over each other easily when force is applied. Out of the 92 naturally occuringelements 70 are metals and about 22 are nonmetals. The property of metals by which they can be drawn into thin wires is known as ductility, e. Iron is extracted from its ore, haematite, by reduction with carbon. Phytoextraction is a subprocess of phytoremediation in which plants remove dangerous elements or compounds from soil or water, most usually heavy metals, metals that have a high density and may be toxic to organisms even at relatively low concentrations. Depending upon the nature of the metal and the nature of the impurities present different methods are applied for the refining of metals. Ore is located by prospecting techniques, followed by the exploration and examination of deposits. Class10 cbse board metals and nonmetals learnnext offers animated video lessons with neatly explained examples, study material, free ncert solutions, exercises and tests. Metals are malleable and ductile in nature whereas nonmetals are neither malleable nor ductile.
Which metal is found in liquid state t room temperature. The process of purification of impure metals is known as refining. Extracting metals in the middle of the activity series. Extraction of metals occurrence ores of some metals are very common iron, aluminium others occur only in limited quantities in selected areas ores need to be purified before being reduced to the metal this adds to the expense high grade ores are therefore cheaper to process. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace iron is also below carbon in the reactivity series, so therefore carbon can be used to reduce it note. For the less reactive metals chemical reduction suffices, but for the more reactive metals electrochemical reduction is needed. Download cbse revision notes for cbse class 10 science metals and non metals in pdf format. The technique has become more useful in recent years due to the development of selective chelating agents 7073 for trace metal determination. Neet chemistry notes general principles and processes of. When a pure metal is alloyed, a different element is added to the pure metal. Notes, class 10 science class 10 notes edurev is made by best teachers of class 10. The earths crust contains metals and metal compounds such as gold, iron oxide and aluminium oxide. Class 10 cbse board metals and nonmetals videos, ncert.
N5 chemistry unit 3 metals summary notes st ninians high school. Extraction of metals a describe the ease of obtaining metals from their ores by relating the elements to their positions in the reactivity series recycling of metals a describe metal ores as a finite resource and hence the need to recycle metals, e. Isolation of elements in chemistry class 12 aims to teach the students about various processes of extraction of metals from ores. Neet chemistry notes general principles and processes of isolation of metals extraction of crude metal from concentrated ore extraction of crude metal from concentrated ore extraction of crude metal from concentrated ore it involves two major steps conversion of concentrated ore to oxide, and reduction of the oxide to metal. Some of the commonly used methods are discussed below.
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